A fresh study has highlighted the widespread orf problem on UK sheep farms, with new research highlighting gaps in disease control, treatment and veterinary input.
Almost 89% of farmers surveyed by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) identified orf lesions in their flocks. The findings suggest significant scope to improve prevention and management of the viral disease.
The survey of 421 UK sheep farmers is the largest of its kind. While orf is common, approaches to treatment vary widely, with sheep producers reporting a median cost of £5 per affected lamb and £100 per flock.
Despite orf being a viral disease, antibiotics were widely used on farms. Some 65.2% of respondents used topical antibiotic sprays, while 26.7% used injectable antibiotics and 22.7% used both. Only 34.5% of farmers reported using pain relief.
Veterinary involvement was limited. Just 23.8% of respondents said they consulted a vet when orf was suspected. Researchers say this points to a need for stronger veterinary engagement and clearer guidance on treatment protocols.
Antibiotic use in focus
The findings raise concerns about antimicrobials and the need to use them responsibly. Antibiotics are not typically required for uncomplicated orf cases, explained David Charles of NoBACZ Healthcare.
“Crucially, this data has shown just how much antibiotic is used for what is a viral disease, clearly showing areas where we can support education and behaviour changes to lead to improved antimicrobial stewardship.
The study also found that 13.6% of farmers reported using salt licks as part of treatment, an approach researchers say requires further investigation.
Human health risk
Orf is zoonotic and can infect humans. Nearly a third of respondents reported having contracted the disease themselves – although simple measures can reduce the risk of infection.
Farmers who wore gloves were significantly less likely to become infected. Researchers say better awareness of hygiene and protective measures is needed, alongside improved dialogue between farmers and vets.
Beth Reilly, senior teaching fellow at the RVC, said: “Our online survey set out to establish current orf treatment practices on UK sheep holdings, as there is currently no licenced treatment.
“An unexpected finding was the use of salt licks by 13.6% of respondents as part of orf treatment, highlighting the need for further research into the potential of this for orf treatment and control.”