Five Ts for Tups: Don’t let ram fertility be an afterthought

As tupping time approaches, it is easy to assume that because a tup worked successfully last year, he will be ready to go again this autumn, writes Nerys Wright.

Unfortunately, sheep do not read the rule book. Age, injury, disease and environmental factors can all affect fertility, and after a summer of high temperatures and the continued challenge of bluetongue in some areas, it has never been more important to give breeding rams a thorough MOT before they head out with the ewes.

The good news is that around 90% of fertility problems can be identified through a straightforward physical examination. Remember the Five Ts:

Teeth – Can he eat properly and maintain condition through mating?

Toes – Sound feet and legs are essential. A lame ram won’t cover ewes effectively.

Tone – Body condition matters. Rams should be fit, athletic and ready for work. Aim for BCS 4 at mating, as they can lose condition during the mating period.

Testicles – Check that both are present, even in size and consistency, and free from lumps, injuries or swelling. Size also matters: measure testicle circumference and aim for over 34 cm in ram lambs and 36 cm in mature rams.

Treat – Address any problems promptly and ensure rams are up to date with vaccinations.

The sperm production process takes up to eight weeks, so illness close to tupping can cause problems. Check your rams with plenty of time to replace them if needed. This year, particular attention should be paid to rams that have experienced heat stress or have been on farms affected by bluetongue virus. Both can affect fertility, sometimes without obvious outward signs.

If concerns remain after a physical examination, discuss them with your vet. A semen assessment may be appropriate for rams that fail part of the physical exam, or where the flock has been affected by bluetongue. However, semen testing is not something to undertake lightly. Samples must be collected and assessed by a trained and competent operator.

Nerys Wright is an independent sheep consultant. Call 07891 187643 or visit sheepconsultancy.co.uk.